Employment Practices Liability
DISCRIMINATION
TARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors Even well-meaning conduct can be misinterpreted as discriminatory. This module discusses the prohibitions against discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, disability, sex, and age. It explains what discrimination is, the personal and economic impacts of discrimination, the duties of managers and supervisors, how to spot and prevent potential discrimination, how to defend your institution with effective reporting systems, the importance of investigations, and more. ALSO AVAILABLE:
TARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors, School K-12 Harassment, particularly sexual harassment, is a problem that can have devastating consequences. This training highlights the personal and economic impacts of sexual harassment, the duties of managers and supervisors, what sexual harassment is and isn't, how to spot and prevent potential sexual harassment, how to defend your institution with effective reporting systems, the importance of investigations, and more. Harassment is also available in the following versions: ALSO AVAILABLE:
TARGET AUDIENCE: All Employees
TRAC is a multi-purpose workplace risk management module for all employees. TRAC reinforces your efforts to prevent workplace wrongdoing and makes employees aware of issues important to your institution, such as tolerance, harassment, theft, workers' compensation fraud and retaliation, diversity, safety, violence, and conflict resolution. With TRAC, employees can receive basic workplace training and orientation in just a few minutes. TRAC can also be customized by integrating your specific policies and procedures into the training, helping generate greater impact and personal value for your employees. Leave-Related Laws
DISABILITIES (ADA)
TARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors This training communicates key components of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) - components such as who is protected, when is a disability not a disability, how a nondisabled employee can sue and win, the pitfalls of the hiring process, reasonable accommodations vs. undue hardships, how well-meaning conduct can be interpreted as discriminatory, the personal and economic impacts of disability discrimination, the duties of managers and supervisors, how to spot and prevent potential disability harassment and discrimination, how to defend your institution with effective reporting systems, the importance of investigations, and more. ALSO AVAILABLE:
TARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors The Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) may be the most misunderstood aspect of leave-related laws for many employers. This misunderstanding makes employers and their institution ripe for ever increasing liability. This module clarifies the regulations, what is "family" leave, what is a "serious health condition," notice requirements, how to manage administrative nightmares, managers' duties, and more. WORKERS' COMPENSATION (FRAUD AND RETALIATION)TARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors Although only a small percentage of workers' compensation claims contain an element of fraud, many people fear that almost every claim is suspect. Managing workers' compensation claims from that fear can increase your liability exposure to retaliation claims. This course explores the prevention of fraudulent claims, understanding co-worker dynamics, the relationship of the ADA and the FMLA to workers' compensation laws, employer duties, and more. ALSO AVAILABLE:
Workplace Risk Management
COLLECTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT TEAM®
TARGET AUDIENCE: Relevant Employees Collective Risk Management is a process in which a team of employees manages workplace risk and wrongdoing when discovered. This training will guide you and your fellow team members through the wrongdoing report management process and will teach you how to develop an effective team. FIVE CORE PRINCIPLES OF SMART RISK MANAGEMENTTARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors Managers and supervisors often serve as the frontline defense for mitigating risks and loss as a result of workplace wrongdoing. Therefore, each manager and supervisor must be a Smart Risk Manager, and that can best be accomplished by understanding the best practices for managing people. The first step to becoming a Smart Risk Manager is to apply the five core principles: No Tolerance, Observation, Communication, Empathy, and Fairness. VIOLENCETARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors A growing concern for employers is workplace violence. Learn what forms violence can take, how to spot the potential for violence, prevention techniques, suggested procedures and practices in the event of violence, and more. THEFTTARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors Internal theft accounts for billions of dollars of lost revenue for U.S. employers each year. This training explains the reasons for internal theft, preventative steps, appropriate surveillance techniques, and managerial duties. UNSAFE ACTSTARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors Employees often cite safety as their primary job concern. This module discusses methods of preventing and managing unsafe acts such as safety violations, as well as substance use and abuse, how to spot potential safety violations and how to manage those that happen, and types of employer liability if risks are not properly managed. ALSO AVAILABLE:
Student-Related Risks
FERPA
TARGET AUDIENCE: Faculty/Staff Faculty and staff have a responsibility, not only to comply with FERPA with regard to education records, but also to protect student records in their possession or under their control. This program is designed to give a basic understanding of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) governing the release of student information. STUDENT MISCONDUCT ON AND OFF CAMPUSTARGET AUDIENCE: Adults Student Misconduct, on and off campus, is a program designed to equip connected campus adults with tools enabling them to help young people engage successfully with the sometimes challenging, often unspoken, social conduct rules of college life. The program addresses student misconduct manifested in actions generally labeled with one or more of the following terms: hazing, date rape (also known as acquaintance rape), stalking, intimidation, harassment, assault (including sexual assault), vandalism, and theft. STUDENT-TO-STUDENT SEXUAL HARASSMENTTARGET AUDIENCE: Faculty/Staff This course provides training for administrators, faculty, and staff to better recognize, report, and manage reports of sexual harassment when the harasser(s) and/or victim(s) are students. Safe Environment
BULLYING/VIOLENCE PREVENTION
TARGET AUDIENCE: Adults Bullying/Violence Prevention provides schools, daycare providers, religious education programs, and other youth-oriented organizations with information, resources, and training to help prevent bullying and other violent behaviors. Bullying/Violence Prevention addresses (1) the warning signs that someone is a bully, (2) the warning signs that someone is a target, and (3) the appropriate responses by caring adults. HEALTHY RELATIONSHIPSTARGET AUDIENCE: Teens Our lives are made up of relationships with the people around us. While healthy, positive relationships are beneficial and help people reach their goals and live happy lives, some relationships can be harmful. This course stresses the importance of making healthy choices about relationships by identifying negative relationships and providing information and tools for choosing positive relationships. SEXUAL ABUSE PREVENTIONTARGET AUDIENCE: Adults Sexual Abuse Prevention creates adult awareness on sexual abuse and teaches adults how to prevent such abuse. With a target audience of employees, volunteers, and other caring adults, Sexual Abuse Prevention overviews (1) what is sexual abuse, (2) the damage caused by sexual abuse, (3) the warning signs of sexual abuse and of abusers, (4) how to respond appropriately, and (5) what caring adults can do about sexual abuse on their campuses and in their communities. SEXUAL ABUSE PREVENTION REFRESHERTARGET AUDIENCE: Adults Everyone plays a role in preventing sexual abuse and everyone must respond appropriately and in a timely manner. Taking a "wait and see" approach puts lives at risk. The earlier we identify the wrongdoing, the better our chances are to save a life from sexual abuse. Review the warning signs of child sexual abuse and how to prevent it. STUDENT VIOLENCETARGET AUDIENCE: Employees More than half of U.S. public schools reported experiencing violent crime last year. School violence is a national crisis that shakes our confidence. We want to be safe in our schools; our communities and our futures compel us to take proactive steps to eliminate school violence. This training program discusses the risks, losses, and liabilities of school violence, the different kinds of violent acts that may take place in school, the challenges and motivation related to school violence, the people who commit these violent acts, warning signs, and more. SUBSTANCE ABUSE PREVENTIONTARGET AUDIENCE: Adults This program highlights the risk factors that are often involved in substance abuse among youth and students. This program was designed with adults (faculty, staff, employees, volunteers, and other adults) in mind to (1) create awareness of the circumstances and influences that lead to a young person's involvement in substance abuse, (2) overview actions adults can take to help young people avoid substance abuse, and (3) outline how to become involved with a young person believed to be abusing substances. TECHNOLOGY SAFETY & SECURITYTARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors Technology Safety & Security outlines safety and security issues and teaches adults how to protect young people in the world of electronic communication. This program covers (1) technology exposures, (2) the warnings signs of potential technology-related abuse or misuse, (3) proactive strategies for protection, and (4) appropriate responses to technology-related abuse or misuse. Human Resources
DIVERSITY
TARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors We interact with people from many different and diverse backgrounds -- different races, colors, national origins, religions, ethnicities, disabilities, genders, ages, cultures, political beliefs, orientations, upbringings, and economic status. This training was designed to create better awareness and enable you to create a productive and positive organizational culture that respects differences and realizes the benefits of each member of your institution. ETHICSTARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors Employees should strive to act ethically in all business dealings. This module discusses the nature and meaning of ethics, ethics in organizations, and ethical decision-making. The benefits of promoting ethics in the workplace are highlighted as well as the advantages of ethical behavior to an organization. The module also discusses how to respond to a situation that may be unethical. ALSO AVAILABLE:
TARGET AUDIENCE: Relevant Employees The Federal Trade Commission (FTC), along with other federal agencies, promulgated regulations, effective Nov. 1, 2008, as required by the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 (FACTA). The regulations are known as the Red Flag Rules. The Red Flag Rules require covered business entities to develop and implement written identity theft prevention programs. The module provides FACTA compliance guidance. FACTA--Higher ED: Identify Theft "Red Flag" Regulatory Compliance GuidanceTARGET AUDIENCE: Relevant Employees The Red Flag Rules require covered business entities, including most colleges and universities, to develop and implement written identity theft prevention programs. The module provides FACTA compliance guidance for Higher Education institutions. HIRINGTARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors Many problems associated with employment practices can be avoided upfront with proper screening and selection practices. This module breaks down the hiring process and explains the necessity of "hiring right" to avoid risks and improve the workplace. This module is a must for any manager who participates in the screening and selection process. JOB APPLICATIONSTARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors A well-written job application form is essential for a successful hiring process. This module discusses what information is appropriate and inappropriate in a job application form and how that information should be used in an interview. Tips are provided for improving application forms and characteristics that are favored for those who conduct interviews. INTERVIEWINGTARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors Most problems resulting in employee lawsuits could have been avoided if proper attention had been paid to the hiring process. This module discusses who should conduct interviews, interview preparation, and what information is appropriate and inappropriate to ask during an interview. PERSONNEL FILESTARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors Well-kept employee personnel records are perhaps the most important management tools available to an employer. This module discusses the types of documented information typically kept in personnel files, what information should be kept in a separate location, and who should have access to the information. INVESTIGATIONSTARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors An effective investigation of a problem or a complaint will allow your organization to monitor itself for compliance with its policies and procedures, as well as with applicable federal, state, and local laws prohibiting discrimination, sexual harassment, theft, violence, unsafe acts, workers' compensation fraud and other workplace wrongdoing. This module discusses the goals of an investigation, who should investigate, and when an investigation should take place. The module addresses how special concern should be given to retaliation, sexual harassment investigations, workers' compensation fraud investigations, and the investigation of violence, theft, unsafe acts, or illegal practices. SENSITIVITYTARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors Organizations should support their employees in acting sensitively and respectfully in all workplace settings. This module discusses what sensitivity is and what it is not, sensitive values versus sensitive behaviors, respecting others' boundaries, seeing things from another's perspective, avoiding insensitive situations, and how to develop basic sensitivity skills. TERMINATIONSTARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors This training guides managers and supervisors through scenarios on topics related to employee terminations. A wide range of issues are covered, including employment-at-will, implied contracts, and wrongful termination for discriminatory or retaliatory reasons. Each scenario is accompanied by a brief tutorial on the basic employment principles involved and how the situations should best be managed. Workplace Safety
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION TECHNIQUES
TARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors Designed to enhance the skills of trainees in the techniques of Accident Investigation. Topics include: definition of an accident; the accident chain; the cost of employee accidents; classifying accident causes; unsafe acts and conditions; the employee's role in an accident investigation; and completing the accident investigation report. ACCIDENT AND INJURY PROCEDURESTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees No matter how safe a workplace might be, accidents do occur. This training course seeks to increase awareness of accident exposures. Additionally, it explains the procedures that should be used for documenting, reporting, and responding to accidental workplace injuries. ACCIDENT PREVENTIONTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Safe work practices must be a priority every day. Knowledge of safe work practices can contribute to preventing accidents. This program addresses accident prevention by defining the term "accident" and exploring some of the root causes of accidents. ACCIDENT SCENE MANAGEMENTTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Every day, drivers are involved in motor vehicle emergencies or accidents. The goal of this training program is to provide instruction on the procedures one should follow if involved in a motor vehicle accident. Additionally, this course stresses the importance of preparedness for this type of emergency. BACK SAFETYTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Describes the impact of back injuries, why they occur and the contributing factors that lead to back injuries. Discusses the measures that can be taken to prevent back injuries. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENSTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Describes the types of bloodborne pathogens (BBP) and explores the ways that they can be transmitted in the workplace. Reviews the requirements for maintaining a formal BBP Exposure Control Plan and provides requirements necessary for adequate personal protective equipment, housekeeping practices and safe work practices. Discusses measures for reducing exposures to bloodborne pathogens. ALSO AVAILABLE:
TARGET AUDIENCE: Employees At homes and businesses alike, the holidays are typically some of the most anticipated periods of the year and occasionally, people lose sight of safety when trying to promote a holiday or seasonal theme. This course stresses the importance of maintaining a clear focus on safety-related matters during the holiday season, both at work and at home. In addition, it emphasizes five important areas of concern related to the holiday season: electricity, exits, live decorations, open flame, and fire protection systems. DEFENSIVE DRIVINGTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Motor vehicle accidents account for 43% of all accidental deaths across the United States. This training program will discuss how defensive driving techniques can promote safe driving and reduce accidents. The objectives of this course are to understand the definition of defensive driving, recognize unsafe driving practices, be aware of the general methods of preventing accidents, and identify safe practices for driving in various weather conditions. ALSO AVAILABLE:
TARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors Enhances the trainees skills in the techniques of accident investigation. Topics include: The Chain of Accident Causation; Accident Investigation Responsibilities; Steps Necessary to Investigating an Accident; Determining Accident Causes; and practice scenarios. DISASTER PLANNINGTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Our world is continuously challenged by a variety of different disastrous events that, whether natural or manmade, have a significant impact on people’s lives and may strike with little to no warning; however, one thing people and organizations can do with a great deal of success is anticipate threats that may impact their lives and operations and develop contingencies to appropriately respond to potentially catastrophic events. This course emphasizes the importance of emergency preparedness, both in the workplace and at home. Additionally, it addresses the role that predicting, preparing, and planning all play in disaster safety. ELECTRIC CART SAFETYTARGET AUDIENCE: Relevant Employees Emphasizes important safety information for individuals that use an electric cart as a tool to manage their day-to-day responsibilities. Basic overviews are provided on becoming familiar with your cart, operating the cart, operating responsibilities, and violations. With a little care and responsibility cart operators applying these success keys can get through their day without incident. ELECTRICAL SAFETYTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Provides participants with information on the basics of electricity; including safe work practices and special environments. EMERGENCY PROCEDURESTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Safe work practices must be a priority every day. This course stresses the importance of both preparation and knowledge of procedure for emergency situations. EMPLOYEE & FAMILY DISASTER PREPAREDNESSTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Organizations of all types must be prepared for natural and man-made disasters. It is essential for employees to be prepared at home so they may be available to fulfill their work-related responsibilities, as well as, their personal responsibilities. The intent of this program is to help employees be in a position to help the organization and others by having themselves and their families prepared in the event of a disaster. TEMPORARY STAFFING EMPLOYEE SAFETY ORIENTATION (ENGLISH AND SPANISH VERSIONS)TARGET AUDIENCE: Employees It is important for employees to understand that it is their responsibility to work safely. This training course reinforces the importance of observing safe work practices, reviews general safety rules and practices, and discusses what should be done in case of accident or injury. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS (PORTABLE, 2-PART)TARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Provides a basic overview of the main causes of fire and the types of fire extinguishers that are designed to extinguish and control fires. Demonstrates how to utilize a portable fire extinguisher in accordance with Best Practices; provides a focus on personal safety; describes the sequence of events that must occur before a decision to use a fire extinguisher is made; and explains proper fire extinguisher use. FIRE PREVENTION PRACTICESTARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors Discusses fire prevention practices and procedures to take in the event of a fire. Topics include creating an Emergency Action Plan; maintaining your workspace in an orderly manner; refraining from the use of candles; proper storage of flammable materials; using electrical equipment responsibly; knowing what to do in the event of a fire; portable fire extinguishers; and fire protection and life safety systems. FORKLIFT SAFETY BASICS FOR GENERAL INDUSTRYTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Forklifts are powered industrial trucks that are used in almost all industries to move materials; however, these useful machines cause approximately 100 workplace fatalities and over 95,000 additional injuries annually. They can also cause damage to materials and property. The goal of this course is to explain how to minimize the likelihood of forklift-related accidents in the workplace by identifying basic forklift operation requirements and the rules that apply to driving forklifts. It describes the dangers associated with unsafe forklift use and discusses the elements of a daily forklift inspection. GENERAL SAFETY RULESTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Safe work practices must be a priority every day. This course discusses the rules for working safely and stresses the importance of never taking risks. HAND AND POWER TOOLSTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees It is important for employees to understand that it is their responsibility to work safely. This training course reinforces the importance of using hand and power tools safely. HAZARD COMMUNICATIONTARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisors Defines the responsibilities of employers and employees as they relate to Hazard Communication; reviews and discusses typical hazards associated with chemicals; and provides an overview on how to understand the chemicals employees work with by reviewing Material Safety Data Sheets and container labels. HEARING PROTECTIONTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Noise is defined as an unpleasant or unwanted sound; however, it can be much more than that. Noise can be a severe health hazard, because exposure to loud noise over a prolonged period of time can cause loss of hearing or a permanent ringing sound in one’s ear. This training course describes the hazards associated with high noise levels, identifies related responsibilities of both employees and employers, and describes the purpose of hearing tests. The various types of hearing protection devices are identified, and the process for selecting, fitting, using, caring for, and cleaning of those devices is reviewed. HOUSEKEEPINGTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Good housekeeping is a term that describes the practice of keeping the workplace neat and orderly. This course stresses the importance of good housekeeping for more efficient job performance and decreasing accidents. Additionally, it discusses ways to maintain good housekeeping in all workplaces. LADDERTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Fall exposure that comes from improper ladder use can be avoided. This course discusses precautions that should be used when a ladder is in use. LOCKOUT TAGOUTTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Lockout/tagout is a safety procedure for de-energizing, disconnecting, and shutting down power sources to equipment so that it can be maintained or repaired without hazard to the employees authorized to work on this equipment. This course discusses procedure associated with lockout/tagout. LUNCHROOM SAFETYTARGET AUDIENCE: Supervisors During lunchtime and other student gathering times, it is important to properly supervise students. This course will provide information on how to do so. Additionally, this program will discuss lunchroom rules and procedures, both the legal and moral responsibilities of a supervisor, and how to handle different student injuries and emergency situations. MACHINE GUARDINGTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Provides information on the hazards associated with operating moving machinery and guides participants through scenarios to determine if common industrial machinery is properly/improperly guarded. Machinery discussed includes: Grinders, Saws, Power Presses and Conveyor Systems. MEANS OF EGRESS - KEEPING YOUR EXITS CLEARTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Focuses awareness on the importance of exits within the workplace as a means of escape in the event of a life threatening event. Topics include defining "Means of Egress;" Exit Components; Exit Requirements; Factors Compromising the Means of Egress; and Safety and Compliance. OFFICE WORKSTATION SAFETYTARGET AUDIENCE: Managers/Supervisor Provides participants with the correct information on how to work safely at a computer workstation. Topics include: workplace organization; maintaining neutral body positions; avoiding eyestrain; sustaining good physical condition; and exercises to stretch tired muscles. ALSO AVAILABLE:
TARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Discusses the importance of utilizing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE); explains OSHA's requirements for access to and utilization of PPE; and explores the functions and use of common articles of PPE including: gloves, eye protection, head protection, hearing protection and respiratory protection. PLAYGROUND SAFETY INSPECTION PROGRAMTARGET AUDIENCE: Childcare personnel, school officials, parks and recreation personnel, and any other employees or volunteers concerned with playground safety] Playground inspection plays a key role in school districts providing safe, productive play environments and must be a priority every day. This program will review different types of playground equipment, ground protection, and other hazards routinely encountered on the playground. PLAYGROUND SAFETY SUPERVISOR TRAININGTARGET AUDIENCE: Supervisors Proper supervision of students on the playground plays a key role in school districts providing safe and productive play environments. These environments encourage a child’s mental and physical development, thus, proper supervision must be a priority every day. The goal of this program is to provide information on how to properly supervise students during recess activities, discuss legal and moral responsibilities, and provide guidelines for handling playground injuries and emergency situations. RECOGNIZING AND IDENTIFYING ON-THE-JOB HAZARDSTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees There are many different types of hazards, including exertion, contact, and falling. The purpose of this program is to review various workplace hazards, some of the reasons these hazards are present, and employee risk. SAFE FOLLOWING DISTANCE - AVOIDING REAR-END COLLISIONSTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Rear-end collisions are the most frequent type of crash event and they account for approximately 30.2% of all vehicular accidents; however, these types of collisions are preventable. The goal of this training course is to explain why rear-end collisions occur and what drivers can do to reduce their risk of being involved in rear-end collisions. SAFE LIFTING PRACTICES SAFETY SHORTTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Proper lifting techniques are critical in reducing exposure to exertion injuries (from lifting, pulling, pushing, twisting, bending, and turning while handling materials), which account for approximately 30% of workplace-related injuries. This training program will define the “safe lifting zone� and discuss techniques to be used when lifting and handling materials. SAFETY PAYS FOR LIFETARGET AUDIENCE: Employees A brief motivational program that emphasizes how working safely can actually "pay you for life." SCHOOL HAZARD IDENTIFICATION TRAINING PROGRAMTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Familiarizing oneself with some of the hazards that affect school employees and students on a regular basis is a great way to help avoid some accidents. The intent of this program is to better protect staff and students from injury while at school by discussing life safety, fire protection, shops, studios, laboratories, kitchens, lunchrooms, outdoor areas, and playgrounds. SCHOOL SAFETY STRATEGIESTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees To promote a productive learning environment, the safety of students, teachers, personnel, volunteers, guests, and administrators must be a priority every day. This 12-part series provides training related to common safety and security challenges that are present in the school setting. The goal of these programs is to heighten awareness of risk exposure at school and to explain how to effectively address hazards or prevent them from occurring.
TARGET AUDIENCE: Employees, Ambulance Drivers One of the most common types of accidents at client sites is slip, trip, and fall accidents, many of which are caused by unsafe actions or work practices that can easily be corrected. This training program addresses ways to avoid this type of accident. STRAIN & EXERTION EXPOSURESTARGET AUDIENCE: Employees Explores the contributing factors of strain and exertion injuries; how to identify potential strain and exertion related tasks; and how to implement corrective actions to minimize exertion related injuries. Includes practice scenarios in which participants identify strain and exertion exposures and offer solutions for minimization. The products and services listed on this page are provided by iLearningEngines. There is an additional charge for each of them. For additional information on our products and services send us an email here or call our toll-free number, 1-800-205-5262, to speak with a customer services representative. © Copyright 2023 iLearningEngines | All Rights Reserved
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